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Molecular characteristics of endometrial cancer and their potential effect on clinical management

Kamila Krejczy1, Aneta Cymbaluk-Płoska1, Sebastian Kwiatkowski2, Anita Chudecka-Głaz1
Affiliacja i adres do korespondencji
Curr Gynecol Oncol 2018, 16 (4), p. 245–250
DOI: 10.15557/CGO.2018.0028
Streszczenie

Endometrial cancer is the most common malignancy of the female genital tract in highly developed countries. Over the past few decades, there has been a population-wide increase in the incidence of this type of cancer. Current treatment standards and scope of management are based primarily on the histopathological type of the tumor, the degree of differentiation and clinical staging. However, this approach does not fully reflect contemporary requirements and the need for personalized treatment in this challenging group of patients, and given the development of molecular medicine, it seems fairly outdated. Advanced age, obesity and multiple coexisting diseases are among potential reasons for deciding against very radical surgical treatment or extensive adjuvant therapy. On the other hand, the extent of necessary treatment may be underestimated in cases with primary suspected low-grade disease. New diagnostic methods based on the genomic analysis of malignant endometrial tumors used to be inaccessible for general use because of high costs associated primarily with the need to employ specialized equipment for the molecular evaluation of tumors. However, as this area of medicine developed, evidence emerged for the benefits of using, at least to a partial extent, markedly cheaper immunohistochemical methods as an alternative to DNA sequencing, which offers a possibility to implement this diagnostic modality in a large number of clinical treatment centers. Molecular diagnostics of endometrial cancer raises hope for the identification of groups of patients who will be offered a more personalized therapeutic approach.

Słowa kluczowe
endometrial cancer, molecular changes, polymerase ε (POLE), new prognostic methods