Aim: The objective of the study was to analyze risk factors, treatment protocols and outcomes in patients with vulvar tumor, vulvar cancer in particular. Material and methods: This was a retrospective observational study; a total of 86 patients receiving surgical treatment due to vulvar tumors in the Clinic of Gynecological Surgery and Oncology of the Medical University of Lodz between 2010 and 2016 were included in the study. Nine patients were excluded from the study due to the lack of key data. The data were analyzed statistically using Statistica 13 in two groups – a group with benign lesions (B) and a group with malignancies (M). Analysis of variance was used for intergroup comparisons, and Pearson correlation coefficient was used to measure the correlation between continuous variables. Results: Out of 77 patients, 33 were diagnosed with malignant tumors (42.86%). The patients in the M group were statistically significantly older (60.12 vs. 70.6, p > 0.001), while no significant differences regarding body mass index, parity (p = 0.9), mode of delivery (p = 0.26), the time of menopause onset and smoking tobacco were found between the two groups. Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia was statistically significantly more common in group B (30% vs. 3% in group M; p < 0.01). No correlation was found between the age at diagnosis and the size of vulvar tumor. A weak positive relationship was observed between age and the length of postoperative hospitalization. A long-term follow-up response was obtained in 32% of patients from the M group. Five-year survival was observed in 67% of women – all patients received surgical treatment in the early stage of the disease. Conclusions: The incidence of vulvar cancer was significantly higher among postmenopausal vs. premenopausal patients. The coexistence of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and vulvar cancer was not reported in the analyzed group. Surgical treatment, which is the best choice in the early stage of the disease, ensures high rates of 5-year survival.